As an Apple Certified Technician working for Stafford Associates in the Stony Brook area of Long Island, New York, I am constantly challenged by different computer problems. Everyone has a computer but most people are really quite unfamiliar with their computer. Ever since the Apple IIe, I loved using the computer and I love to share my enthusiasm with anyone willing to listen. So here is my little corner in cyberspace. They call me Mac Mike at work and so this will be Mac Mike's Corner on the web. I will try updating this blog on a regular basis and include all sorts of tips, tricks and information that I think is relevant to the Macintosh.
Be sure to check out the new courses being offered at the new Stafford Tech Center!! Download the PDF: Mac Basics 101
Pro-Active Emergency Precautions
If you think it's better to be safe than sorry, read on. Hurricane Irene is upon us. As much as we'd like to hope that nothing bad will happen, it might be better to plan for the worst and then be pleasantly surprised. If computers are integral to your business it is certainly worth following these very simple steps to minimize catastrophe. In fact, even if you're a home user and the computer is nothing more than entertainment or a convenience, you mights still head this advice.
I and the rest of the Tech Team at Stafford Associates are preparing ourselves for Monday morning. We anticipate that most problems are going to be computers not turning on or not booting. Here is how you can easily avoid this problem.
First of all, a backup of all data should be part of your everyday routine and should be nothing new. If it isn't, I cannot stress enough how important it is to keep regular backups. Now is a good time to start.
Computers are very sensitive to power fluctuations. Most commonly, a blown power supply will result from severe power fluctuations. By powering down your computers and servers properly and then unplugging them from the wall will prevent any power related problems. Even if you have a battery backup (a UPS- Uninterruptble Power Supply), it is still advised to shut your computers and servers off to prevent any sudden power failures. I would unplug everything. If it isn't part of the power grid, nothing can affect it.
Lion has arrived!
After telling myself that I would not install Lion until after at least a few days, I lasted about a few hours before the new operating system graced both my Macs. And that is to say that not only have I been as impatient as even I expected to be, but that also the upgrade was seemless, perfect, pleasant and very impressive. There are many other sites that will go over the fine details and nuances of the new operating system. I was most concerned about compatibility but it seems that it wasn't a concern afterall. But still, I warn people NOT to upgrade immediately because I cannot vouge for your mission-critical applications. Everything on my end seems to work perfectly though! I'm thrilled.
And here is one point of interest that I found most welcoming. First I upgraded my MacBook. I purchased the upgrade through the App Store using my Apple ID. But like any App you buy with your iPhone or iPad, the purchase is linked to your account and not your device (so it seems). So I come home and on my iMac, I perform the same upgrade through the App store and voila!, there is simply an "Install" button rather than a "Buy" button. What a pleasant surprise.
1st Mac Virus!!
Well it's here folks.
<EDIT>
I have erroneously jumped to conclusions and accepted the common perspective that this piece of software that self-installs is a "virus" but upon further inspection, technically speaking, it is NOT a virus because it does not self-replicate. Furthermore, this piece of software has not spread rapidly and has been contained rather quickly by Apple's quick response through Software Update.
I have left the remaining portion of this entry here for informational purposes only but thought it was necessary to clarify things and to keep things in perspective. So far, if your Mac is becoming non-responsive it is safer to assume that your Mac does not have a virus but instead has some other kind of problem.
</EDIT>
I have already removed the first Mac Virus from 3 computers. It was released last week. It is usually downloaded from very shady websites. It attempts to fool the user into submitting their credit card number for an anti-virus program which is actually the virus itself. The payload does not seem to be critical to the computer but users should be aware of this. ClamXav catches this as does the latest OS update from Apple. It is definitely suggested that everyone update their OS to the very latest of Apple's patches.
2 Undeniably Useful Apps for your Mac
After a year of using each of these applications, I feel that it is imperative to share with you these little secrets that make using your Mac (let alone any computer), so much more enjoyable and convenient. These are not bundled with the OS and they are not Apple branded apps either. These are 3rd party apps that have found themselves serving a very important niche. I would not be surprised to learn that Apple simply buys these companies and then incorporates their technologies into the next version of their OS but until they do, I cannot speak more highly of these 2 very useful applications.
Beginning with Dropbox, there has become a need to share files. Ironically, I've found that I don't want to share files with others as much as I need to share files with myself! It is strange but true. Between my iPhone, my work computer, my laptop, and my home desktop- I find that my files- that is, my data, needs to be accessible from each device. I am not talking about movies or music or pictures, although that could be the case. I am talking about websites for clients, receipts, office documents that need to be referenced and PDFs that I like to have on hand at all times. Music, photos and videos pose a particular problem that I'll get into later. But for now, let me explain to you the wonderful features of Dropbox.
More about the iPhone and Apple
Ok... This is a bit crazy. Actually, the only crazy thing about this is that there are just so many crazy people out there like me! I mean... Apple release a totally new device in April called the iPad. It is revolutionary and "magical" and totally creates a whole new genre of device! Not more than a few months later, Apple unveils their updated iPhone. It isn't nearly as ground-breaking as the iPad... or is it? As successful as the iPad was/is; this iPhone which is merely an update to their existing line of cell phones, sells more than 600,000 units in the first day! So much so, that the delivery date of these phones is pushed at first to 2 weeks away and then nearly a month away! Think about it! Over 600,000 people (including myself), slapped down over $400 for a new iPhone that they won't even receive for another month. This kind of success is just incredible. But if you had seen the keynote that Jobs delivered, you'd understand. What other company gets away with presenting the public with a one hour commercial and have people banging at the door to get in? What other company can triumph over last year's triumph again and again? I am only amazed by the consistency and duration of Apple's ingenuity, marketing and development. It isn't just a product. It isn't just a commercial and it isn't just some new gadget. Every aspect works in conjuction with the next. Whether you are talking about their marketing plan, their hardware or their software- you must agree that the cohesiveness of the company as a whole is proven through their own customer's loyalty and acceptance.
iPhone 4
The new iPhone will be available on June 24th. On the 15th, pre-orders will begin. This device, though it isn't new, dwarfs the release of the iPad just a couple months ago. True, the iPhone is nothing new but is really is changing the largest tech market on the planet again. Everyone uses a cell phone. An iPad is still quite new albeit tablets have been around for some time, the iPad is not your ordinary tablet. But the new iPhone, as we all suspected (or even expected), a very capable device that promises to close the gap between phone and computer even more. The fact that you'll be able to take HD video with your phone, edit it!, and then share it, is a feat that should blow anyone away. We finally see video chat becoming a reality and we've even expected it. Why didn't any other phone manufacturer beat Apple to the punch? Of course other phone's will eventually catch up but why wait to catch up when you could have predicted that this would be the case? The fact that this technology only works with other iPhone 4s ought to be proof of the fact that a system where software and hardware is developed in coordination with one another leads to quicker, more sustainable, and higher quality products. You can long argue which is better; hardware or software. But the iPhone proves to me that the integration of the two is the key to success. The success of one over the other serves no purpose to the end user. Just as I start contemplating the benefits of possibly jailbreaking my iPhone, the anticipated release of the new iPhone keeps me patient and the details of the device keep me above the Apple law.
Modify Your Host File
What the heck is a host file and why in the world would you want to modify it?
A host file is the file on your computer that resolves domain names. For instance, we are very accustomed to going to websites by name. But this is a relatively new convenience. Back in the 80s, if you wanted to go to Google's network (let's imagine that Google existed back then), you'd have to enter the IP address. The IP address looks like "24.48.233.121." But we're human and don't identify companies or people by number. So now we use a convention called DNS- Domain Name System. It is the system that maps names with their IP address. So instead of typing 24.48.233.121, we can type in "www.google.com." What happens though, is that your computer goes to another computer (a DNS server) and asks that computer what the IP address is for the requested website. Once the IP address is known, it is very easy to work your way through the huge network called the internet to finally arrive at the computer that is hosting the webpage that you are looking for.
Setting Up Mail
Since most people on Long Island have Cablevision as their ISP (Internet Service Provider), I will be using their email service as a demo. Many people have an Optimum Online account so therefore, I will use my OptOnline.net account as an example. Here is a screen shot by screen shot walk through...
First, open Mail. Then, go to the Mail menu up top (next to the Apple Menu) and select "Preferences."
You will be presented with the following window:
Make sure you have the "Accounts" tab selected. It is very likely that you won't see any email accounts already configured. All of my email accounts can be seen in the left column. If you're reading this blog, you probably don't have any email accounts configured yet. So let's get going. Just make sure you have selected the "Accounts" tab.
At the bottom of the window below the left column, click the "+" sign. This is a common procedure for adding accounts. You will likely see this in other areas of the Mac OS.
Now you'll be presented with a dialogue window asking for all of the information necessary to setup your email account. You'll need to know this information. You can call Optimum Online if you don't know it. And once you find it out, write it down because if you need it again, you'll have it! But for the most part, you'll see what information you'll need.
Apple's Mail
This article will be broken up into different sections so you can skip around to what interests you most. I'm going to start with the Outgoing Mail server because that will be relevant to ALL email setups so you should definitely read that.
OUTGOING MAIL SERVER
In order for you to send email, you must send your email to a server that knows what to do with email. This is often called an SMTP server. It stands for "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol." It is important to remember that you must have authorization to use someone's outgoing email server. For Optimum Online users, every customer has that access. Their outgoing mail server is:
mail.optonline.net
So long as you have a cable modem, Cablevision knows that you are a paying customer and therefore lets you send mail through the above server. All others will be denied access.
If you have a MobileMe account, the outgoing mail server is filled in automatically for you because it is recognized within Apple's Mail that you are a paying customer.
At first this article was going to teach you how to setup your email account using Apple's "Mail" program. It is a great program. I have it open all day long and I always suggest that people use it over any web interface that their email account may offer. However, the article kept going off on tangents because it became a more complex issue than I had originally thought it was. But email can be tricky! So, if you know your email address, your incoming mail server and your password, you can skip the rest of this article and go right on to "Setting up email in Apple's Mail."
KINDS OF EMAIL
POP: This is a very common email that is offered by most email services. Optimum Online offers POP accounts. What is significant about POP is that when you connect to an email server using POP, your computer downloads all of the email to your computer and then deletes it from the server. This can be configured so that mail stays on the server for a week or a month but often, POPing your email will result in mail being deleted after it has been downloaded to your computer. The good thing about this is that your mailbox will never become full. Automatically, your messages are deleted from the server so that you always have room for newer messages. This does NOT affect the email that has been downloaded to your computer. So not only do you have complete access to all of your email from your own computer, but your email is available to you even without an internet connection because your mail is being accessed locally since it has been downloaded to your computer. This scenario was ideal 10-15 years ago when everyone's internet connection was a slow dial-up connection. It was rather annoying having to sign-on to the internet just to read old email.
What is RSS?
RSS stands for Rich Site Summary and is used to deliver content to end users. It is ideal for websites where information constantly changes (like a news site). What is convenient about it is that you don't need to visit each site individually and search for new updates. Instead, you can subscribe to an RSS feed and the content will be delivered to you either in your email program (like Mail) or in your web browser (like Safari). For instance, I have subscribed to Rolling Stone Magazine's RSS feed. Now, instead of going to rollingstone.com and searching through the site, getting bombarded by advertisements and offers, I can simply check the RSS feed in my email program and all of the most recent updates come in almost like email. It also strips away formatting and navigation so that each new article is very simply and quickly displayed. This is also ideal for mobile devices with limited internet connectivity. The content can be delivered very fast and efficiently. It is very convenient.
File Sharing Networks
This is a rather controversial topic. Although sharing files across the internet could be a totally legitimate way of sharing information, it is usually the primary method of piracy. Because high speed internet access is almost the standard across the civilized world now, piracy has reached all time highs. I'd like to offer my disclaimer immediately and let everyone know that I do not condone piracy. However, I strongly encourage you to read my article in reference to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and why I personally have no conscience when it comes to sharing music. Keeping in mind that I am myself a musician, I'd like to suggest that the internet and the affordability of technology is rendering record companies more and more useless every day. It is of utmost importance that musicians do NOT sell themselves short when signing a contract. They need not "sell out" as quickly as they did before. However, it is also recognized that the record companies are the gatekeepers AND the key holders of the music industry. Please, just read the article.
What's a "Client?"
A client is any application that "connects" to a server or service. For example, check out some of the most popular clients that almost everyone uses on a daily basis:
| Email Client | Web Client | IM Clients |
Apple's Mail Thunderbird Entourage Eudora Outlook |
Apple's Safari Firefox Explorer Opera Camino Netscape |
Apple's iChat AOL Instant Messenger |
Moving Data From One Computer To Another
Let's imagine that you have a Mac and want to share a file with someone. If the other person has a Mac, there probably won't be any problem at all. You must know what kind of file that you are sharing. For instance, if you are sending someone an image, there should be absolutely no problems. But know that you are expecting them to have an "image viewer" installed on their machine. This is a safe assumption to make if your are sending an image to someone. But if you are sending someone a Word document, should you make that same assumption? Should you assume that everyone has Microsoft Word? Or worse yet, imagine that you are working on a Photoshop document. Photoshop is a $600 program and you cannot assume that everyone has it, much less the same version as you! In these cases, you'd want to save it AS a more generic file type. Save it as Text Only or RTF (Rich Text Format) so that some of the formatting will be retained. For images, save it as a JPG or a TIFF. Both of these formats are rather generic and any computer in the world today ought to be able to open these kinds of files. Keep in mind that the same editing capabilities will not be retained as with the proprietary format. For instance, all layers in a Photoshop file will be flattened if you send it out as a TIFF or JPG. Usually, two copies of the same file are created to accomodate sharing and editing.
What services should I buy for my Mac?
AppleCare Protection Plan
First of all, if you recently purchased a Mac I hope that you purchased the AppleCare Protection Plan. I am an Apple lover and an Apple Certified Technician and I can tell you first hand that this is an extremely valuable protection plan to have. There is a whole lot of technology under the hood of your Mac- more now than ever before and the headroom for defects is shrinking each year. I don't get paid by Apple to recommend this but to know that your Mac is protected from manufacturer defects for up to 3 years is so worth every penny. Most of the repairs that I perform are covered by the AppleCare Protection Plan. This is also partly due to the fact that most repairs are so expensive without the protection plan that it is rarely worth it. In fact, you have up to one year to purchase the plan after the date of purchase. Buy it now or pay for it later. And if you're like me and feel that the universe is constantly conspiring against you, then this is a bet well worth taking. In the event that you didn't ever need to use AppleCare, is that so bad?
What programs should I buy for my Mac?
This is a common question but I find it a bit odd. The real question is "What do you want to do with your Mac?" There are thousands of programs available to you but if you aren't going to make a movie for Hollywood, then you probably don't need Final Cut Pro. If you're not going to be multi-tracking the next one hit wonder for Sony Records, then you probably don't need Logic Studio 8. But, if you'd like to dabble with making movies or create your own soundtrack, then iLife would be perfect for you. Plus, it's only $79 so it is a no-brainer.

iLife comes with iMovie, iDVD, iTunes, iPhoto, iWeb and GarageBand. iTunes is a free download and will come with every Mac. Obviously, this is for organizing your music, syncing your iPhone or iPod and purchasing music, movies, TV shows and iPod Touch or iPhone apps. This suite of programs is for your creative side and is most common on most Macs. If you think you're going to be doing more "serious" work, Apple has another suite of applications for you called iWork.
Sharing an iTunes Library
Sharing an iTunes Library could be very convenient and is commonly asked. There is one extremely simple and effective way of sharing your library but there are also alternatives that give you certain benefits that the "Apple condoned" way does not. It also depends on whether you are trying to share multiple libraries that are on one computer, sharing libraries of multiple computers or trying to share multiple libraries from multiple computers. There are also some considerations that you must make before you choose a method. In order to make that choice, let me explain how iTunes is setup.
Since Mac OS X is a multi-user environement, every user can have their own unique experience when using the computer. This means that each user can have their own email, their own address book, their own calendar, their own MUSIC, among other personal items. To accomplish this unique environment for each user, these files are all stored within the user's Home Directory. You may notice that when you are logged into the machine, your home directory has a little "house" icon to represent your home directory. However, every user has their own home directory but their icons are simple folders. You'll notice that you can go into their home directory but will NOT have access to their "Documents" folder or their "Music" folder etc. This is a way to protect privacy of each user. Though this was new to the Mac with the introduction of OS X, this has been a standard in UNIX environments (which the Mac OS now sits upon).
Splitting Events In iPhoto
iPhoto ’08 is a great update to the very popular iPhoto application that comes bundled with iLife. There is a new feature in iPhoto ’08 that is sort of a twist on an older feature that is still available in iLife ’06. When you import your photos from your digital camera, iPhoto will now categorize them automatically by the time stamp that your camera attaches to each photo. This is often very handy because it helps organize your imported photos immediately and automatically. iPhoto calls these grouped photos “Events.” Though this works perfectly most of the time, it is sometimes the case that you’ll want to merge 2 events together or split a single event into 2 events. The former is more obvious because there is actually a “merge” button on the bottom of the window. Plus, merging events is very intuitive- while in the Events view, simple drag one event onto another event and iPhoto will ask if you want to merge the two. But what if you want to do the opposite?
In that case, simply double click on the event that you want to split. This will present you with a thumbnail view of all the photos in that event. Select the photo (by clicking on it once) that you want to split the event at. Then, from the menu up top called “Events,” select the option “Split Event.” iPhoto will then split the event into 2 different events and the split will occur at the photo you have selected. The photo that was selected will become the first photo of the new event.
Multiple Select
There is often the need to select multiple items. Whether you are in the Finder within a window and you’d like to select multiple files or you are in iTunes or iPhoto and would like to select multiple songs or photos, the procedure is the same. Apple tries very hard to keep consistency a priority throughout the system so quite often, what works in one program will also work in another program.
Let’s assume that you are in the Finder and have a window open. There are a group of files that you want to move to another folder. You can open the two folders so that each is viewable and then select one file at a time and drag it to the desired window. You’ll realize that this is a very repetitive task and therefore there should be a better way to do this. There is.
If the files you want to move are are listed sequentially in the window, that is, they are one after another with no skips, you can select the first file by clicking it once. Then, go to the last file that you want to move and “Shift-click”. That is, hold the “shift key” down and then click on the last file. You will notice that all files between the first and last file are now selected. You can then continue your task and click once on any of the selected files and drag them to the other folder.
Disk Utility
Disk Utility is located in the Utilities folder which is inside the Applications folder on the root of your hard drive (or top level). One of the most commonly used functions of this program is to format a drive. You can also burn CDs from this program, create images, erase CD-RWs, restore from images and perform two very important maintenance tasks.

Notice in the photo that the drive that Disk Utility recognizes is a 232.9 GB drive. Really, the drive is 250 GB but about 5% of every drive is eaten up by the volume directory (or something like that). It is not usuable to you or the computer but is necessary for the hard drive. So it is common to see less that what you paid for here. If you click on the top most icon, you are selecting the entire physical hard drive as a whole. Reformat it and you lose all of your partitions (data included, obviously). Select one of the volumes below the physical drive, and you can modify just that volume (repair, erase, RAID,or restore). All partitions are volumes but not all volumes are partitions. (see disk images below).
